Antidiabetic Effect of Roselle Calyces Extract (Hibiscus Sabdariffa L.) in Streptozotocin Induced Mice

Diabetes mellitus is a symptom that can be characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and impaired metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins associated with the lack of insulin secretion or insulin action both in absolute and relative terms. Treatment with drugs distributed on the market either relatively more expensive because of its use in the long term or have considerable side effects. Previous studies show that roselle calyces have a potent antidiabetic activity. Therefore the research of antidiabetic activity of n-hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of roselle calyces (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) has been conducted in order to improve the utilization of herbs and natural antidiabetic and the information can be useful in extracting roselle calyces in order to obtain the optimal antidiabetic effect. Roselle calyces extract was made by means of stratified percolation using n-hexane as solvent followed by ethyl acetate, and the last solvent is ethanol, then the macerate respectively was concentrated by rotary vacuum evaporator. Then the test of Antidiabetic activity was conducted consisting of 11 treatment groups, ie groups of CMC suspension 0.5% as a negative control; glibenclamide 0.65 mg/kg as a positive control; n-hexane extracts of roselle calyces dose of 200 mg / kg, 400 mg / kg and 600 mg / kg; ethyl acetate extracts of roselle calyces dose of 200 mg / kg, 400 mg / kg and 600 mg / kg; and ethanol extracts of roselle calyces dose of 200 mg / kg, 400 mg / kg and 600 mg / kg, which is respectively administered orally every day. Blood glucose levels were measured by glucometer Accu Chek every seven days, the data were analyzed by analysis of variance followed by Duncan's method. The results showed that the ethanol extract of roselle calyces proven to reduce the blood glucose levels on diabetic mice, while the n hexane and ethyl acetate extract were not proven to reduce the blood glucose levels on diabetic mice. The results of the statistical test (α = 0.05) showed that the extracts of n-hexane and ethyl acetate perform a real mean of difference on glibenclamide, whereas the ethanol extract did not perform significant differences with glibenclamide in lowering blood glucose levels on mice, which means that the ethanol extract can lower blood glucose levels of diabetic mice.